Quality Tale - News on Technology: July 2009

Sunday, July 26, 2009

New 7 QC Tools of Quality : Tree Diagram - QC Tool 3

A tree diagram is often used to discover the steps needed to solve a given problem. It always the user(s) to gain further insight into the problem and helps the team focus on specific tasks to complement the tasks at hand to solve the problem. There are five major steps in creating a tree diagram. They are:

1. Determine the main goal
2. Be concise
3. Brainstorm the main tasks involved in solving the problem and add them to the tree
4. Brainstorm subtask that can also be added to the tree
5. Do this until all possibilities have been exhausted

Below is an example of a tree diagram:

Thursday, July 23, 2009

Thoughts on Nuclear Issues

The use of nuclear weapons for defence and the production of energy in nuclear power stations are both controversial and raise issues of economics and security throughout the world. International treaties have been signed to halt the proliferation of the number of states having access to nuclear weapons and to ban atmospheric testing. It is not known the full extent of damage caused by earlier nuclear weapons testing programmes, such as those, which took place in the Marshall Islands between 1946-1958.

Nuclear reactors for the production of electricity are important particularly to those countries, which lack geothermal, hydroelectric or fossil fuel resources. However, events such as the Chernobyl disaster in the Ukraine in 1986 have heightened awareness of the inherent dangers of nuclear power.

Even where the safety of reactors themselves is not a major question, nuclear reactors contribute to environmental damage through low-level radiation liquid effluent discharges and through the creation of wastes, which are difficult to dispose of safely.

Some commonly used equipments like measurement equipments in the mining industry or a simple smoke detector can also contain radioactive sources.

Radiation problems can also occur naturally. In some sites the local rock naturally releases radon gas which can create health problems for the local inhabitants. It is one of the want or you can say necessity of your beloved country. Is it really necessary?

Have You Ever Think about Toxic Chemicals?

Certain chemicals deserve special mention, as they are particularly persistent and toxic. In the 1930s arsenic was the only compound known to cause cancer but since then other heavy metals such as cadmium and lead have been added to the list. Organic pesticides such as DDT, dieldrin, and lindane are also known to cause cancer.

Particularly at risk are agricultural workers in developing countries where protective clothing may not be made available when spraying pesticides. It is interesting to note that the majority of workers at risk are women. Concentrations of DDT in Central Americans are likely to be 11 times higher than those of North Americans.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are used in some 200 different forms in plastics, electronic insulators and hydraulic fluids. These are toxic to humans and cannot be excreted. Once ingested they will accumulate in body tissues and concentrate through the food chain. Samples taken in the North Sea indicate only 0.000002ppm of PCBs in water but 160ppm in sea mammals.

Chemicals that have been tested for toxicity may be assigned a WHO safety limit. However, despite the reduction in use of certain chemicals in Europe and the US, toxic chemicals still reach their populations through crops grown in developing countries and exported to the global market. Have you ever think about it?

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New 7 QC Tools of Quality : The Interrelationship Digraph - QC Tool 2

The main purpose of the interrelationship digraph is to depict the relationships between different issues. Often times this digraph is used in conjunction with the affinity diagram. It can be very powerful in that it reveals the impact one issue can have on other issues. There are seven steps to create an interrelationship diagram:

1. Identify problem or issue
2. Write each element that relates to problem in a box
3. Draw arrows from the element that influences to the element that is influenced
4. Draw the strongest influence if two elements impact each other
5. Count the arrows
6. Elements with the most outgoing arrows will be root causes or drivers
7. The elements with the most incoming arrows will be key outcomes or results

Below is an example of an interrelationship digraph:

Pediatric Links - Must See

Pediatric Surgery
This blog describes various medical and surgical diseases in children.

Laparoscopic procedures
Laparoscopic surgery though require skill, it is less morbid, less painful, gives good cosmesis and avoids large scars.

Pediatric Cancer
It is an informative blog which describes various types of cancer in children, their clinical presentation,diagnosis and management written by a surgeon.

Atlas of Pediatric Diseases
It includes the exclusive pictures of various diseases in children. This is very useful site to remember the pathology in a glance. Especially for doctors as well as for persons who are interested in pediatric medicine and surgery. Disclaimer :The images in this blog are from real surgeries, and they might not be suitable for all readers.